![]() When it does happen, there are treatments available. Because of genetic differences between the donor and the patient, the donor cells can sometimes attack the patient’s body causing a transplant complication called graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Allogeneic transplant, however, is characterized by unique side effects that are caused because the donor cells are not the same as the patient. With this type of transplant, the transplant itself is able to eliminate the cancer.īoth types of transplant include potential side effects from chemotherapy such as low blood counts, organ injury, or infections. The patient’s bone marrow is then replaced by donor cells and these cells then attack the cancer. Donor stem cells are then infused and take over the patient’s bone marrow. With an allogeneic stem cell transplant, chemotherapy is used to weaken the patient’s bone marrow. The transplant also can reduce the side effects from the chemotherapy destroying the bone marrow. ![]() Thus, bone marrow from the patient is stored before the chemotherapy starts and then is infused into the patient after the chemotherapy to restore the bone marrow. During an autologous stem cell transplant, the patient receives their own stem cells (the patient’s stem cells are removed and frozen before he or she undergoes chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, and then thawed and returned once those other treatments are complete).Įach type of stem cell transplant offers its own set of risks and benefits. With autologous stem cell transplant, the chemotherapy kills the cancer but also kills the patient’s bone marrow. As was noted above, during an allogeneic stem cell transplant, the patient receives stem cells from a donor. There are two main types of stem cell transplants-allogeneic transplants and autologous transplants-and the difference between the two lies in who is donating the stem cells. In addition to replacing the patient’s bone marrow, the bone marrow from the donor also has the capability of attacking cancer cells that are still present after the transplant, which is called “graft-versus-tumor" effect.Īllogeneic cell transplantation vs. In these cases, replacing the cancerous bone marrow with healthy bone marrow from another person can permanently eliminate the cancer. However, there are many cases in which chemotherapy cannot provide a permanent cure, but an allogeneic transplant can. Instead, systemic treatments (treatments that affect the whole body) like chemotherapy are typically the primary treatment. Conditions such as these affect the blood and/or bone marrow, so they can’t be treated by surgically removing a tumor, as may be the case with other cancers. ![]() Why is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation used?Īn allogeneic bone marrow transplant may be used to treat types of lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndrome, as well as other disorders. ![]() The patient then receives the stem cells through a central venous catheter (central line). Either blood or bone marrow is collected from the donor and then passed through a machine that separates the stem cells. An allogeneic stem cell transplant (or allogeneic bone marrow transplant) is a procedure in which a patient receives healthy stem cells from a donor. ![]()
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